The,Three-Phase,Traffic,Theory law The Three-Phase Traffic Theory

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BorisKerner developed a traffic flow theory, known as the three-phase traffictheory, over the course of six years. He finalized the theory in 2002. Unlikeclassical theories, which are comprised of two basic forms of traffic,congested and free flow; Kerner’s theory involves three distinct phases oftraffic: synchronized, free flow and wide moving jam. The oddity in this theoryis that Kerner uses “wide” to describe length instead of width. Free Flow TrafficTrafficthat moves freely at or near the stated speed limit is considered free flow.Vehicles may pass other vehicles, exit the roadway or enter the roadway withlittle to no issues. In Kerner’s theory, free flow traffic correlatespositively between the rate of flow and the number of vehicles on the roadway.He supports that free flow ends when the maximum flow corresponds to criticaldensity. Congested TrafficCongestedtraffic occurs when the too many vehicles are using a particular roadway.Congested traffic can be stable and moving or unstable and still, the latter ofwhich is known as a traffic jam. In Kerner’s theory, the speed of a vehicle incongested traffic is lower than the speed of the slowest moving vehicle in freeflow traffic. Hesupports that small issues may occur on the roadway and vehicles will remaincongested, but moving; however, should a larger issue occur, already congestedtraffic will likely be halted altogether, causing a jam. However, Kerner breakscongested traffic into two forms; synchronized and wide moving jam. Kerner’s Synchronized FlowKernerdescribes synchronized flow as the point at which vehicles are accelerating tomeet free flow traffic. In his diagrams and charts, synchronized traffic isfixed in the form of a bottleneck, which is considered a downstream front. Kerner’s Wide Moving JamWhenvehicles move up the highway through bottlenecks like that of Kerner’ssynchronized flow and maintain mean velocity while achieving this, Kernerconsiders this a wide moving jam. As of this writing, it is not known whyKerner chose the term “wide” for this phase of his theory, as his theoryactually refers to the length of the traffic congestion rather than the widthof the transitional head or tail zones. Kerner’s Fundamental HypothesisKerner’shypothesis for his three-phase traffic theory is based on homogeneoussynchronized traffic flow. What this means is that he based the hypothesis onidentical drivers, driving identical vehicles that are all evenly spaced andmoving at identical speeds. His hypothesis states that this can potentiallyoccur at any two-dimensional point on the flow-density plane. The states offree flow and synchronized flow on multi-lane roads are separated, both by aflow rate gap and a speed gap at particular densities. The free flow speed willalways be higher than that of synchronized flow. Inaddition, drivers are considered to make arbitrary choices that determine thespace gap between their vehicle and the one before them. Therefore, the driverchooses different gaps in space at various times and will not continually useonly one specific gap. Thisarticle is brought to you by your local WestHollywood car accident attorney. The California personal injury lawyers at JD Law Group have settled millions of dollars worth of accidentclaims and canreferyou to the highest rated car accident firms anywhere in the United States inorder to maximizeyour settlement. Call them today at 1-888-736- 4248 for a freeconsultation. DISCLAIMER:The information provided on this website or the web site linked here in is nota substitute for professional medical or legal advice, diagnosis or treatment.In addition, viewing the content on these websites, requesting additionalinformation, or transmitting information through a contact form does not forman attorney-client relationship with the sponsoring attorney. Any results set forthherein are based upon the facts of that particular case or scientific study anddo not represent a promise or guaranty regarding similar outcome or causes. Theinformation on this site is intended for educational purposes only and shouldnever interfere with a patient/site visitor and his or her healthcare provider.Internet subscribers or online readers should not act upon any information containedherein without seeking professional legal and/or medical advice. This firm islicensed to practice law only in the state of California, but is affiliatedwith a network of licensed attorneys in other states. Call 911 for all medicalemergencies. PersonalInjury.org and JD Law Group make no representation orwarranty regarding the accuracy, reliability, completeness, currentness, ortimeliness of the content, text or graphics. Links to other sites are providedfor information only — they do not constitute endorsements of those othersites.