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Whatever subject you're studying in college, your professors are likely to ask you to write an argumentative essay, also referred to as a persuasive essay. Critical thinking is essential for writing academic papers, particularly when writing an essay that requires you to demonstrate that one idea is better and more legitimate than other ideas. Of course, when we refer to critical thinking we don't mean criticizing from emotion or prejudice, but using logic to analyze and argue your case to support your position.The Definition of LogicWhen you're tasked with writing an argumentative essay, you're expected to use logic and reason. This is the basis and foundation of critical thinking. But how is logic defined? The Greek philosopher Aristotle developed the most common formula for logic, called a syllogism. It is as follows:Premise 1: All men are mortal.Premise 2: Socrates is a man.Conclusion: Socrates is mortal.The first statement is a foundation of fact and the second statement is another fact. When the second statement is tested against the first statement, it proves the conclusion in the third statement. You may use more than two premises to prove your conclusion. When you have your logical premises and conclusion, the conclusion becomes the thesis of your argument, and the premises become the supporting points. If your argument doesn't work using this concept, it isn't considered logical and, therefore, isn't considered proven.Logic can be misleading if part of it is based on a fallacy. This is an example of how a logical statement can appear accurate, but is actually completely false even though the syllogism is logically true. Premise 1: People who wear yellow are bad driversPremise 2: John wears a yellow shirtConclusion: John is a bad driverFor a syllogism to work, you must make sure your facts are facts and not assumptions or some other form of fallacy.Avoid Illogical Statements and FallaciesWhen you're writing your argumentative essay, be careful to avoid the use of illogical statements and fallacies, such as:Hasty Generalization: when an incorrect conclusion is reached through a limited number of premisesCircular Argument: when an argument is just restated rather than provenAd Hominem: when the writer attacks the person rather than the factsAd Populum: when the writer appeals to the reader's emotions rather than using factsRed Herring: when a writer makes the reader pay attention to something other than the factsEither/Or: when the writer oversimplifies the argument by reducing it to only two sides or choicesYour argumentative essay should also avoid the use of emotional and colloquial language. To produce evidence to support your argument, you will need to gather your facts carefully. Don't make the mistake of confusing facts with so-called truths, which are ideas believed by people, but not proven. Instead, you should always use sound reasoning and solid evidence by stating facts, giving logical reasons, using examples and statistics, and quoting experts and utilizing any other provable resources.Be sure that you cite your sources carefully using the correct formatting style. This will enable your reader to check the sources behind your assertions. Your professor will indicate which formatting style you should use for your argumentative essay. If you are not assigned a formatting style and you are unsure which one to use, consult your professor. Article Tags: Critical Thinking, Argumentative Essay, Formatting Style
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