Redefining,Broadband,Wireless, communication Redefining Broadband Wireless

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The key value of any wireless product is its ability to deliver thenecessary capacity over an area of coverage at a cost that enables afavorable return on investment. The impediment to achieving thissimple goal is RF signal attenuation, which imposes constraints whenbalancing the contradictory objectives of close proximity (to enhancecapacity) and long range (to extend coverage and lower costs). Forexample, a point-to-multipoint base station at a tower provides highcapacity to subscribers in close proximity but capacity lessens overdistance. To resolve capacity degradation, a point-to-point link can bedeployed from the tower to a remote point-to-multipoint base stationoptimally situated to provide better proximity and increase capacitybut at a significant increase in costs. The best way to summarize the mutual exclusivity of close proximity and long range is the expression: "Cost, Coverage, and Capacity: Pick Any Two" Broadband wireless, therefore, is defined by these limitations: 1. Low cost and long range, but with low capacity. 2. Low cost and high capacity, but only at short range. 3. Long range and high capacity, but at a high cost SkyPilot, however, has a patented broadband wirelesssystem that helps overcome these limitations. Although still bound byRF signal attenuation, SkyPilot is able to provide breakthrougheconomics to wireless operators by extending coverage and improvingcapacity through an innovative wireless architecture called SyncMesh™. SyncMesh – Redefining Broadband Wireless Toconfront the seemingly impossible goals of high capacity, long range,and low cost, SkyPilot developed a patented Synchronous Switching broadband wireless system.These systems, when coordinated by the SyncMesh™ protocol, dynamicallyalign high-gain directional antennas throughout an entire network ofinterconnected base stations. With this architecture, everybase station covers 360° through eight individual 45° antennas. Thebase station dynamically switches between these high-gain (18 dBi)antennas to provide both long-range point-to-multipoint links to CPE aswell as long-range point-to-point links to other base stations. Bydynamically interconnecting base stations with point-to-point link,SyncMesh can enable multi-hop wireless networking, with each basestation functioning as a "relay" to extend the total coverage area.Therefore, with dynamic antenna switching, each system integrates apoint-to-point backhaul, multi-hop relay, and point-to-multipoint basestation within a single system to extend range and keep costs low.Note, however, that SyncMesh does not simply repeat the signal, sincethat is an inefficient and wasteful use of spectral capacity. Instead,SyncMesh coordinates and synchronizes transmissions to maximizenetwork-wide capacity. By allowing multiple simultaneous narrow-beamtransmissions, SyncMesh mitigates self-interference and leveragesspatial diversity to maximize spectrum reuse, resulting in efficientcapacity utilization throughout the entire spectrum. With theSyncMesh protocol coordinating the alignment of directional antennas,SkyPilot has been able to redefine broadband wireless as: "Cost, Coverage, and Capacity: Pick Any Three" Coverage ExtensionTo extend the coverage served by each cell tower, SyncMesh uses acombination of high-gain directional antennas and multi-hop relaying atevery base station in the network. High-gain directional antennas are,of course, one of the best methods to increase range since it increasesthe link budget for both transmit and receive. They also enable many ofthe advanced SyncMesh features such as spectral reuse andself-interference mitigation. Long Range Point-to-Point Backhaul Links At synchronized time slots, each and every SyncMesh node dynamicallyswitches to the optimal high-gain antenna for transmissioncoordination. Since each backhaul link has a directional 18 dBi antennaat each end, the SyncMesh nodes leverage 36 dBi of gain to provide aline-of-sight (LOS) link of up to 10 miles/16 km. These links can alsosupport non-line-of-sight (NLOS) through OFDM modulation; however, theranges of NLOS links vary, of course, depending on the type and amountof obstructions.Multi-Hop Relay Range ExtensionThrough the multi-hop relaying capability, each base station can act asa relay node as well. This allows the range covered from a cell towerto extend over multiple hops, with each "hop" extending range by up to10 miles/16 km as indicated earlier. With multi-hop relay capabilities,the reach from the tower is no longer limited to a single base station;instead, the reach from the tower can be greatly extended through aseries of interconnected base stations. Long Range Point-to-Multipoint LinksThe same dynamically switched 18 dBi antennas are also used forpoint-to-multipoint links. With point-to-multipoint, the base stationconnects with SkyConnector customer premise equipment (CPE), which alsohas a high-gain directional antenna. With these high-gain antennas,high-power radios, and OFDM links, the base station can provide LOSlinks to CPE as far away as 7.5 miles/12 km. Coverage Fill-in by Routing Around Obstructions Extendingcoverage is not just about pushing out the boundary of a coverage cell– coverage extension also applies to filling in coverage holes. SinceSyncMesh provide multi-hop relay capabilities, remote base stations canbe routed around obstructions to easily reach and fill-in any holes incoverage. Capacity Efficiencies SyncMesh isspecifically designed to make the most efficient use of availablespectrum over an entire mesh of base stations. When the entire mesh ofdirectional links is viewed as a whole, the SyncMesh protocol enablesmultiple links to transmit using the same frequency with limitedself-interference through a distributed synchronous protocol. Thisenables optimal spectrum reuse throughout an entire coverage region toincrease the total "goodput" per second of airtime. OFDM with Adaptive Modulation AllSyncMesh links use OFDM to provide the best ability to closehigh-modulation rate links, even in NLOS environments. The links areconstantly monitored and modulation rates periodically adapt to anychanges in the wireless environment to ensure optimal performance. Spatial Spectral Reuse Oneof the main benefits of the mesh-wide coordinated transmission patternis the idea of "spatial spectral reuse". Since SyncMesh coordinates allof the dynamic directional links, multiple simultaneous transmissionsoccur on the same frequency, effectively reusing the spectrumthroughout the entire coverage region. High Modulation RatesSince SyncMesh nodes all carry multi-hop point-to-point backhaul, theycan easily be deployed in close proximity to subscribers. This allowsthe ability to convert "cell edge" low-modulation subscribers tohigh-modulation subscribers through better proximity. With thiscapability, the network-wide average modulation rate increases andoptimizes the "goodput" by enabling more frequent higher-throughouttransmissions throughout the network. Self-Interference Mitigation Asa result of dynamically switching directional antennas andsynchronizing the reuse of the spectrum, SyncMesh uses spatialdiversity to effectively mitigate self-interference, resulting infurther improving modulation rates and overall spectral efficiency. Linear Capacity Scalability through Spectral LayeringSince SyncMesh maximizes the spectral efficiency of a single frequencyby optimally reusing the channel over a wide coverage range, it enablesthe use of alternative channels to linearly scale capacity. "Layering"alternate channels throughout the coverage region makes maximum use ofavailable frequencies. Breakthrough EconomicsThrough the technical advantages of greater coverage range and moreefficient spectrum utilization, a large amount of bandwidth can bepropagated from a single capacity injection point. When combined theother SyncMesh features, this leads to significant economic advantages.Multi-Hop Coverage Extension Reduces Towers Costs Multi-hopbackhaul greatly increases the coverage radius of a single tower,thereby reducing the number of towers required to provide broadbandservices over a given coverage area. Reducing the number of towersrequired directly lowers the associated tower acquisition and leasecosts as well as the number of leased or microwave backhaul connectionsrequired for each site. Integrated Backhaul, Relay, and Base Station Reduces Capital CostsThe unique integration of a point-to-point backhaul, a multi-hop relay,and a point-to-multipoint base station leads to a significant reductionin network capital costs. Since these distinct functions are notdiscrete products, there are no additional costs because they aresimply integrated into a single networking system. The ability to reusethe radio for different functions by dynamically switching directionalantennas lowers the overall costs of deploying broadband wireless.In addition, there is only a single point-of-attachment. He said weshould mention that 360 coverage for Gateways and Extenders means youonly need to pay for one attachment to a tower. Most of the company’sthat rent tower space charge for each attachment. Automatic Discovery and Automatic Antenna Pointing Reduces Operating Costs Theability of SyncMesh to automatically discover all nodes and dynamicallyand automatically point directional antennas leads to a dramaticallydecrease in operating expenses. Since each SyncMesh product can covers360° by dynamically switching to any of eight separate 45° directionalantennas, there is no manual antenna pointing required, regardless ofwhether the links are point-to-point, relay, or point-to-multipoint.SyncMesh automatically discovers all nodes and automatically configureseach and every link, which reduces the operational cost associated withdeploying an advanced broadband wireless network. This minimizes the"hands-on" operational expertise and reduces the overall time to deploy. Additional Benefits Derived from SyncMeshIn addition to all of the aforementioned benefits, the SyncMesharchitecture also provides additional features that provide benefits towireless operators. Best-Path Routing, Dynamic Rerouting, and Self-Healing Failover SyncMeshhas the ability to determine if multiple routes are available and tochoose the optimal path. In addition, if modulation rates change or thenetwork configuration changes, the mesh of interconnectedpoint-to-point backhaul links can automatically and dynamically adapt.This optimizes throughput and can provide self-healing capabilities incase of failures. Latency Guarantees Since SyncMeshis a synchronized protocol, it can provide low latency, low jitter, andguarantees for latency-sensitive traffic such as VoIP.Wireless Backhaul for Wi-Fi Access With the synchronous wireless mesh networkoperating in the 5 GHz frequency band, it allows each mesh node to alsoprovide Wi-Fi access services. All SkyPilot mesh nodes are availablewith Wi-Fi access points (APs) at 2.4 and 4.9 GHz. This allows Wi-Fiaccess to be spread over large coverage areas. "Ethernet In/Ethernet Out" EachSyncMesh network is a full Layer 2 network, which results in "EthernetIn/Ethernet Out" across the network. This Layer 2 architecture supportsvirtual LANs (VLANs) and a full range of Layer 3 protocols includingIPv4 and IPv6. In addition, when used as the backhaul for Wi-Fi access,mobile devices are not required to renew their IP address since theyare not crossing subnet boundaries. 21BFrequency Flexibility Eachhigh-gain directional antenna support a range of frequencies from4.940-6.075 GHz. This allows each node to provide frequency flexibilityand give operators the ability to change to new frequencies as required. Summary Although all wireless products are bound by the laws of physics,innovations solutions can help alleviate some of the fundamentalconstraints. The SyncMesh protocol leverages the notion of high-gaindirectional antennas to increase range and capacity, but through itspatented method of switching between antennas, still provides the costadvantage associated with omnidirectional antenna systems. In the end,SkyPilot has been able to redefine broadband wireless to "Cost, Coverage, and Capacity: Pick Any Three"