How,Usenet,Used,the,Beginning, technology How Usenet Used To be?
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In the Beginning there was Usenet The World Wide Web (WWW) is the most well-known applicationusing the Internet, but that was not always the case. Usenet is a collection ofnewsgroups that form a massive global network. It pre-dates even the most primitive version of the WWW by more than adecade. The Advanced Research Projects Agency Network(ARPANET) predatedUsenet by a decade. Like the human body,the main set of connections was referred to as a backbone. The term is still used to describe the maintrunk lines of the Internet. From thisbackbone, numerous cables reached out to connect a limited number of mainframefacilities. Todays Internet connects avast network of computers. An intricateweb of cables is weaved throughout the world. Technology used to be extremely expensive. The hardware was costly. Computers occupied huge rooms and required avery cold environment in order to avoid overheating. Connect time was charged by the minute. Computer time was also rationed. Those who used ARPANET had budgets thatseverely restricted the time they were able to make use of its capabilities. ARPANET relied on existing telephone lines as a way to sendthe signals. It was expensive tomaintain a connection. As a way tocontain costs, messages would be saved until a connection was established. Archives are single files that include one ormore compressed files. They weredeveloped as a way to facilitated sending messages in a more cost effectivemanner. When it became clear that ARPANET was not practical forpersonal use, those who were intrigued by this new way to communicate saw theneed for a system that would be available to more people. Enter Usenet. From the beginning, it has been easy to connect toUsenet. A computer with a Unix operatingsystem could take advantage of UUCP (unix-to-unix copy program) to accessUsenet. This meant that smallercomputers could be used. The NNTP(Network News Transfer Protocol) protocol was an upgrade to the limitations ofUUCP. It defined how Usenet articleswere distributed. The NNTP serverfunctioned as the news server. The Client/Client-Server System consisted of a client(newsreader (equivalent of a browser on the WWW)) which was the program thatrequested the service from the news server (equivalent of a Web server on theWWW). The system housed thoseclients. This was how communication washandled. At first, Usenet was not well structured. Over time, as the number of Usenetusers and newsgroups increased, the need for organization was apparent. By the mid-1980s, The Great Renaming createda hierarchical structure that still exists. Eight top-level (Big-8) newsgroups or hierarchies were defined: comp.* (computer), humanities.*, misc.*(miscellaneous), news.*, rec.* (recreation), sci.* (science), soc.* (social),and talk.* (talk about controversial subjects). A subgroup designation looked like this: comp.hardware. The alt.*(alternative) newsgroups was designed to be a catch-all of sorts. It was not standardized the way the eightmain newsgroups were. It became ano-mans land. Bogus groups were aspecial type of group. Most were foundin the alt.* hierarchy. Many had names,but either group did not exist, or it was not really used. By now, the haphazard beginning was becoming more organizedand, thus, more popular. It was just thebeginning. The best was yet to come.
How,Usenet,Used,the,Beginning,