Introduction,Web,Technologies, technology Introduction To Web Technologies

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There are literally hundreds of difficult technologies availableto the webmaster. Making proper use of these technologies allowsthe creation of maintainable, efficient and useful web sites. Forexample, using SSI (server side includes) or CSS (cascading stylesheets) a webmaster can change every page on his web site byediting one file.A few of the more common technologies are listed below.ASP - Active Server Pages are used to perform server-sidescripting. This is a way to get things done on the web server, asopposed to, say, JavaScript, which lets you get things one on theclient (browser). Although there is a Unix and Linux version ofASP, it is primarily intended for use on Microsoft web serverbased systems.ASP is useful for tasks such as maintaining a database, creatingdynamic pages and respond to user queries (and many other thingsas well).CGI - Common Gateway Interface is one of the older standards onthe internet for moving data between a web page and a web server.CGI is by far and away the most commonly used method of handlingthings like guestbooks, email forms, message boards and so on.CGI is actually a standard for passing data back and forth andnot a scripting language at all. In fact, CGI routines arecommonly written in interpreted languages such as PERL orcompiled languages like C.CSS - You use Cascading Style Sheets to format your web pagesanyway that you want. CSS is complicated, but the complicationpays off by being able to create web pages that look much betterthan otherwise. One very nice feature is the ability to defineformatting commands in a single file, which is then included inall of your web pages. This let's you make one change to modifythe look of your entire site.HTACCESS - The .htaccess file allows you to set parameters foryour web site and folders (directories). The most common use isto protect directories by defining usernames and passwords.Htaccess can be used for many other things as well, includingdenying access to specific addresses, keeping out hostile spidersand redirecting traffic transparently to the user. The downsideof htaccess is the language used is often extremely obscure,difficult to understand and extraordinarily precise. A smallerror in your htaccess file can disable your entire web siteuntil the error is fixed.Java - Java is a client-side (meaning it's executed by thebrowser not the server) language. It is efficient and verypowerful. The primary advantage of Java over ActiveX is Java hasa sane security model (called the Sandbox Model), while theActiveX model is so imbecilic as to defy imagination. Java isalso much less likely to crash systems. On the other hand, Javais substantially slower than ActiveX, and there are many tasksthat simply cannot be performed in Java because it is deniedaccess to the operating system and disk itself.JavaScript - This is a scripting language which is interpretedand executed by the browser. It is very useful for getting tasksdone on the client, such as moving pictures around the screen,creating very dynamic navigation systems and even games.JavaScript is generally preferable on internet sites because itis supported on more browsers than VBScript, which is the chiefcompetitor.Office - The Microsoft Office suite includes a number oftools, including Word, Excel, Access and Powerpoint. Each ofthese tools has the ability to save in HTML format and hasspecial commands for the internet. This is especially useful,for example, if you work in an office where people are trainedin Excel and you don't want to retrain them to create web pages.On the other hand, if you are creating internet web sites (asopposed to intranet sites) you probably would be better offusing web specific products to edit your web pages.Perl - A great scripting language which makes use of the CGIstandard to allow work to be done on the web server. PERL isvery easy to learn (as programming languages go) andstraightforward to use. It is most useful for guestbooks, emailforms and other similar, simply tasks. PERL's primarydisadvantage is the overhead on the server is very high, as oneprocess is created each time a routine is called, and thelanguage is interpreted, which means the code is recompiled eachtime it is run. For complex tasks, a server-side scriptinglanguage such as PHP or ASP is much preferred.PHP - This language is, like ASP, used to get work done on theserver. PHP is similar in concept to ASP and can be used insimilar circumstances. PHP is very efficient, allows access todatabases using products such as MySQL, and can be used tocreate very dynamic web pages.SSI - If your site is hosted on a typical Apache server, thenyou probably can use something called Server Side Includes. Thisis a way to get the web server to perform tasks before displayinga web page. One of the most common uses us to, well, includecommon text. This is great when you have, for example, anavigation system which is common to all of your pages. You canmake one change in an SSI file and thus change your entire website.SSI is very common but has really been superceded by languagessuch as PHP. The overhead of SSI on the server is high as eachpage is scanned for SSI directives before passing it to thebrowser.VBScript - Visual Basic Scripting was Microsoft's answer toJavaScript. VBScript is a good tool for any site which isintended to be only displayed by the Internet Explorer browser.In my opinion, VBScript should never be used on a web site -JavaScript is preferable due to a wider acceptance among browsers. Article Tags: Scripting Language