History,patent,Normal,false,Mi law History of patent
When you work with an attorney, you will have no problem reducing the risks associated with getting your case in front of a judge and jury, or other formal court, when you need to. However, every case is different. It is important to work wi Bankruptcy is a situation, wherein an individual is termed as unable to discharge all the debts. When a person or a company is not able to pay off its creditors, it has an obligation to file a bankruptcy suit. In fact, a bankruptcy suit is a
Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;mso-style-noshow:yes;mso-style-parent:"";mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;mso-para-margin:0in;mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:#0400;mso-fareast-language:#0400;mso-bidi-language:#0400;}In 500 BC, Encouragement was heldout to all who should discover any new refinement in luxury in the Greek cityof Sybaris (located in what is now southern Italy), the income arising fromwhich were protected to the inventor by patent for the space of a year."The Florentine architect FilippoBrunelleschi was granted a three year patent for a barge with pulling gear,that carried marble along the Arno River in 1421.Patents in the modern knowledgeoriginated in 1474, when the Republic of Venice approved a decree by which newand inventive devices, once they had been put into practice, had to becommunicated to the Republic in order to acquire the right to prevent othersfrom using them.England followed with the Statuteof Monopolies in 1623 under King James I, which announced that patents couldonly be approved for "projects of new invention." During the reign ofQueen Anne (17021714), the lawyers of the English Court developed therequirement that a written description of the invention must be enclosed. Thepatent system in many other countries, including Australia, is based on British lawand can be traced back to the Statute of Monopolies.In France, patents were approvedby the monarchy and by others institutions like the "Maison du Roi".The Academy examined novelty. Examinations were generally done in private withno requirement to publish a description of the invention. Actual use of theinvention was considered adequate disclosure to the public. The modern Frenchpatent system was created during the Revolution in 1791. Patents were grantedwithout examination since inventor's right was considered as a natural one.CostsSome of the costs to society relatedto the granting of a patent are: the immediate costs associated with preparing thepatent; patent office work; legal costs associated with prosecuting alleged breaches;business costs associated with those legal actions; increasing the cost ofdetermining whether a method is covered by an existing patent, and reduced assurancein the result; restrictions on the use of the patented technique (particularlyin cases where the method is redeveloped independently).The costs of preparing and filinga patent application, prosecuting it until issued and maintaining the patentvary from one authority to another, and may also be dependent upon the type andcomplexity of the invention, and on the type of patent.The European Patent Officeestimated in 2005 that the average cost of acquiring a European patent (via aEuro-direct application, i.e. not based on a PCT application) and maintainingthe patent for a 10 year term was around 32 000 Euro. Since the LondonAgreement entered into force on May 1, 2008, this estimation is however nolonger up-to-date, since fewer translations are required.
History,patent,Normal,false,Mi