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Chloramine, which consists of a mixture of chlorine and ammonia, isadded to the water of many cities as a substitute for free chlorine. Itis often referred to in the plural, as chloramines, because it cantake on a number of forms according to the pH and mineral content ofthe water. Chloramine is a disinfectant used by many cities and waterdistricts to sterilize water. It is an alternative to chlorine. The useof chloramine has increased dramatically in recent years in large partdue to the facts that it maintains its sterilization capacity longer(less likely than chlorine to degrade or dissipate it is morestable), and it is less likely to form harmful disinfection by-productslike THMs. It is estimated that close to 30% of municipal watertreatment plants now use chloramine instead of chlorine.Chloramines are perhaps the most damaging chemicals being applied towater treatment at various water treatment plants throughout thecountry today, and contrary to what water suppliers have attempted tosay about the subject for many years, it is now apparent that thesecompounds are potent carcinogens. Notwithstanding thisinformation, utility companies around the country routinely misinformtheir customers, telling them that chloramines are effectivelyneutralized by stomach acids before they can reach the blood. It isalso known that chloramines cause DNA damage and are potentialcarcinogens. They are extremely dangerous to all forms of fresh andsalt-water fish because they are absorbed directly from the gills andtransported directly into the blood causing death in a short period oftime.For a variety of reasons, increasing numbers of people wantchloramine out of the water they drink and bathe in. One of the bigmyths about chloramine is that it cant be removed. Actually, it isremoved with filter carbon (often called charcoal), the same filteringagent that very effectively removes chlorine. The difference is thatchloramine is much harder to remove. Therefore, it takes more carbonand water must be given more residence time in the carbon. In otherwords, you need a considerably larger carbon bed and a significantlyslower flow rate to remove chloramine with standard carbon.The whole reduction discussion for chloramines can become quitecomplex, but the main thing you need to know is that chloramine isremoved from water with essentially the same strategies that are usedto remove chlorine. This means that carbon filtration is the bestremoval method, and, contrary to urban legends, filter carbon doesindeed remove chloramine. The problem is that it takes more carbon andmore contact time to do the job. In practical terms this means that ifyour city disinfects your tap water with chloramines youll need to geta larger and better carbon filter than you would need if chlorine alonewere used.If you are unsure whether your water supply is treated with chlorineor chloramine, contact your citys utilities department, local healthdepartment, or water treatment plant. If you are unable to get adefinite answer, we recommend that you use a catalytic carbon filter.
Chloramines,Chloramine,which,c