The,nature,and,source,astaxant health The nature and source of astaxanthin
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Astaxanthin is one of the 8 kinds feed coloring agents that Chinese Ministryof Agriculture allow using [Other 7 kinds include ²- carotene, ²- A Piao -8 -carotene aldehyde, chili red, ²- A Piao -8 - carotene acid ethyl ester, ²-carotene -4 - dione (cantharides yellow), lutein, marigold flower extract (naturallutein)].Astaxanthinis a keto-carotenoid, the color is pink, with fat-soluble, insoluble in water,soluble in chloroform, acetone, benzene and carbon disulfide and other organicsolvents. Astaxanthin can effectively inhibit the production of melanin, andcan significantly reduce melanin deposition, allowing you to stay away fromdark spots and colorless skin. Make your skin more white, beautiful, flawlessand glossier. Its effect is far better than other whitening ingredients such asarbutin, kojic acid and vitamin C. So far have not found any kind of substancein the same concentration has such a good effect to prevent pigmentation, it isalso used for skin lightening cosmetic raw material.Astaxanthinis the end of carotenoid synthesis, the ²- carotene turns into astaxanthin shouldbe plus 2 keto groups and hydroxy groups. Chemical molecular structure of syntheticastaxanthin has cis and trans, and natural astaxanthin in animals body aremainly trans. Chinaalready has astaxanthin manufacturer cansuccessfully synthesize all-trans-astaxanthin, but the synthesis cost are stillhigh, the products are expensive (up to 20000-25000RMB/kg), limiting itsapplication promote.Astaxanthinextracted from vivo are mostly trans structure, security, environmentalprotection, and has broad prospects for development. Every year on the currentinternational were produced large amounts of crustaceans processing wastes,these wastes contain small amounts of astaxanthin, but the extraction cost ishigher. And resources, regions not concentration, it is difficult to achievescale production.In avariety of algae which can produce astaxanthin, pluvialis algae is a veryimportant one, once was considered to be a useful astaxanthin commercialproduction prospects microalgae. In the training process, if nitrogendeficiency, algae accumulate in astaxanthin. Currently, the international finepluvialis algae contains up to 0.2% - 2% astaxanthin, generally accounts about90% of total carotenoids. But algaes autotrophic period is long, due to needlight, the production sites are restricted to some extent, and the algae brokento release astaxanthin difficult and astaxanthin accumulation was inverselyproportional to the growth of Haematococcus. Therefore, large-scale productionis also more difficult.Studiesfound that some fungi can synthesize astaxanthin, such as Phaffia yeast,Rhodotorula rubra, Rhodotorula and so on. Among them, the Phaffia yeasts astaxanthinaccumulation was higher, in the wild strain was account for up to 0.05% of drycell weight around, some mutant strains up to 0.3%, is the most commonly usedstrains that microbial fermentation produce astaxanthin. Phaffia yeast is alsoconsidered to be the most appropriate astaxanthin source in addition to haematococcuspluvialis. However, the astaxanthin accumulation of yeast also affected by variousenvironmental factors of fermentation, affected by the media, temperature, pH,dissolved oxygen, carbon and nitrogen sources is relatively large. Further, Similarwith Haematococcus pluvialis, the astaxanthin accumulation in Phaffia yeast isinversely proportional with cell growth rate.Source:http://www.cosprm.com
The,nature,and,source,astaxant