Physiotherapy,and,Pain,Treatme health Physiotherapy and Pain Treatment
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For all the happiness, Mankind can gain.Its not in pleasure, But in relief from pain.John DrydenPain Relief is one of the major objective of Physiotherapy. And, it is a great objective as most of the population who seeks medical advice, do so after having pain of some kind or other.Physiotherapy is not an exception either.PAINThe word pain is derived from the latin poena, meaning punishment. The International Association for the study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage.This definition clearly shows that pain has an emotional aspect associated with it. The defition also focusses on the protective role of pain as it may occur even in the presence of potential tissue damage, thus, act as a signal that the part of the body or whole body is in some form of distress.Etiological Classification of PainThere are two categories broadly in which pain can occur:TraumatologicalPathologicalTRAUMATOLOGICALThis pain is the result of some kind of trauma. This may include:Trauma due to external injury e.g. pain due to fracture or pain after a soft tissue injuryMicro Trauma or Repetetive Stress/ Strain Injury e.g. lateral epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow), osteoarthritis knee joint.PATHOLOGICALThe pain is due to some kind of underlying disease process.Pathological process can further divided into:Inflammatory (rheumatoid arthritis, hepatitis) or non- inflammatory(cancerous growth, hysterical pain)Infectious (pain in chikungunya, pain in tuberculosis) or non- infectious (Cervical or lumbar radiculopathy due to PIVD)Local (cystic ganglion, complex regional pain syndrome) or Systemic (gouty arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis)congenital (chest pain due to heart anomalies) or acquiredEffects of Pain on quality of lifeThere are some factors that can act as markers while giving the therapy, so that clients own views can be considered about physiotherapy treatment outcomes. This is specially important in the patient centered model of treatment.These markers are:Physical functioningSocial functioningPsychological distress/ well- beingHealth perception (general)Bodily PainEnergy/ fatigueSleep patterncognitive functioningMeasurement of PainThe simplest and the most reliable scale for pain measurement before and after physiotherapytreatment is Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). It require that the patient will rate his pain on the scale with markings from 0-10. No distress 0| | | | | | | | | | |10 Unbearable distressPhilosophy for Pain TreatmentThe role of physiotherapy in pain treatment spans the settings of inpatient, outpatient and home treatment. The approach to patient care must be interdisciplinary, and must include other medical professionals and allied health care professionals and allied health care professionals. Presently, patient- centered model is followed and the patients satisfaction is the foremost thing. But the equal importance must be given to restore function, patients education and prevent recurrent injuries.Modalities for Pain TreatmentPhysical modalities used by Physiotherapist for treatment of pain:StretchSustained and selective stretchingHold- Relax PNF patternContract- Relax PNF patternPost- isometric relaxationStrengtheningIsometricIsotonic Concentric and EccentricIsokineticEndurance ExercisesPool therapyAerobic exercises biking, swimming, joggingSuperficial thermal modalitiesHot packs (Hydrocollater or moist packs)Paraffin Wax BathHeat LampsDeep thermal modalitiesUltrasonic therapyShortwave DiathermySuperficial coldIce massageIce packsCryo- spraysCryo- compression unitsElectrical modalitiesTranscutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)Interferential therapy (IFT)BracingRestingFunctionalAssistive devicesDevices that helps in mobilityDevices that helps in activities of daily livingPatients educationWork simplificationEnergy conservationJoint conservationBack conservation
Physiotherapy,and,Pain,Treatme