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One of the common and well known types of genetic recombination is termed as homologous recombination. In this type, the sequences and positions of nucleotide are exchanged between two identical molecules of DNA. In case of double strand breaks of in simple words harmful breaks on DNA of both the strands, the cells use homologous recombination for the repair work. This type of genetic combination is also efficient enough to produce new combinations of DNA sequences during the process called meiosis. In this process eukaryotes made gamete cells which include egg cells and sperm in animals. Horizontal gene transfer is another area, where there is an important use of homologous recombination. In this process, there is an exchange of genetic material between different species and strains of viruses and even bacteria. This biological mechanism is efficiently conserved across three domains of life. Viruses are also included in it. And this factor or feature makes it a universal mechanism for living things. Moreover, this mechanism is very important for cells division that occurs in eukaryotes which may include plants, animals, protists and fungi. If ionizing radiation of DNA damaging chemicals causes any kind of damage in cells that divide through mitosis, then homologous recombination is the mechanism, which starts off with its repair work of double strand break in DNA. Apart from the repair work, which is done by this biological mechanism, it is also efficient in terms of producing genetic diversity at the time, when cells are divided into meiosis so that they could become specialized gamete cells. For example, egg cells in plants, spores in fungi and ovules in plants. There are two basic and primary models of this mechanism. They are known as DSBR pathway/double holiday junction model and SDSA (synthesis-dependent strand annealing pathway. Article Tags: Homologous Recombination, Repair Work
Learn,Facts,About,Homologous,R