Cardiac,Arrhythmias,Common,Cha health Cardiac Arrhythmias
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Common Characteristics of Cardiac ArrhythmiasTo have a properly functioning heart, all four of the heart'schambers must receive the beat signal in the proper sequence. Thechambers are divided into the right atrium and ventricle and the leftatrium and ventricle. The pair on the right side of the heart pumpsoxygen-depleted blood coming back from the rest of the body into thelungs for fresh oxygen. The pair on the left side moves freshlyoxygenated blood returning from the lungs to the many organs of thebody. Many factors affect the heart rate, or the number of heartbeats perminute. The rate goes up when we exercise or are emotionally aroused,and goes down when we rest or sleep. Irregularities, however, also canoriginate within the heart itself. This type of disturbance is known asan arrhythmia, and it can not only affect the rate at which the heartbeats but also its pattern of beating.Most people experience skipped beats or minor palpitations fromtime to time; these generally are of no medical significance. Othertypes of arrhythmias, however, are potentially quite serious. Sinus Rhythm DisturbancesSome rhythm disturbances are due to a malfunction of the heart'spacemaker cells. These commonly occur in one of two forms: bradycardia,in which the heart beats at an abnormally slow rate, and tachycardia,in which it pulsates at 100 or more beats per minute. In itself,neither condition is particularly worrisome. In fact, a slow heart rateis often found in highly trained athletes whose hearts have beenconditioned to beat more slowly, pumping a greater volume of blood perbeat. In some older people, however, an abnormally slow beat may be asign of an underlying disease. In such cases, there is usually atelltale rhythm of fast beats followed by slow ones. And while thispattern is not necessarily a cause for concern, in some individuals itcan lead to loss of consciousness or dizziness due to poor output ofblood from the heart. In these cases, an artificial pacemaker maystabilize the heartbeat.Tachycardia arising in the pacemaker cells also may be harmless.The exceptions include an accelerated rapid heartbeat, which mayindicate congestive heart failure, or conditions in which there is botha rapid beat and some other problem involving the heart and bloodvessels. Atrial Rhythm DisturbancesThough the relay cells in the atrium chamber are designed to pass onbeat impulses sent out by the pacemaker cells, sometimes they acquirethe ability to produce a beat on their own. Since such beats occur justbefore the "true" heartbeat, they are known as atrial premature beats.Commonly associated with the heavy use of tobacco, alcohol and coffee,these beats disappear once the stimulants are removed. However, whenthey are accompanied by palpitation, fluttering in the chest, rapidheartbeat, dizziness or shortness of breath, they may indicateunderlying heart disease. In such cases, treatment with drugs may beindicated.Potentially far more serious is atrial fibrillation, a conditionin which the muscles of he atrium contract in an erratic, uncoordinatedfashion. In most instances, it can be corrected by drugs; at times, itmay be necessary to employ a technique called cardioversion, a type ofelectrical shock designed to restore normal rhythm. One majorcomplication of atrial fibrillation is blood clotting. Usually, theseclots from in the left atrium and then move out into the generalcirculatory system, where they can produce a potentially seriousblockage. Anti-clotting drugs are therefore often prescribed for peoplewith this condition. In persons with narrowed coronary arteries, the onset of atrialfibrillation may produce chest pain, particularly if the heart ratespeeds up dramatically. This combination of symptoms is frequently awarning sign of pending heart failure or a heart attack. The rapid beatmust therefore be slowed immediately with either drugs or a medicalprocedure.Another significant rhythm disturbance is atrial tachycardia, inwhich the muscles of the atrium beat much faster than those of theventricle, producing an erratic heart rate. Symptoms such as a sense offullness in the chest, light-headedness and chest flutters are alsocommon. Problems often associated with this disturbance includerheumatic heart defects, hyperthyroidism, pneumonia and blood clots inthe lungs. Drug therapy is often the most effective treatment. Ventricular Rhythm DisturbancesThe relay cells in the ventricles, like those in the atria, also mayacquire the ability to produce a heartbeat on their own. Called aventricular premature beat, this condition may be traceable toexcessive use of caffeine, cigarettes or alcohol. But since it can alsobe the sign of a serious cardiac disorder, it should be investigated.Prompt medical attention is crucial in cases of ventriculartachycardia. As its name implies, this problem involves rapid beatingof the ventricles (usually over 100 to 120 beats per minute), and thedanger is that the rate may increase even further, leading toventricular fibrillation and possibly death.Summing UpDisturbances in heartbeat and heart rhythm are among the mostcommon forms of cardiac disorders. While not all such disturbances havemedical significance, some can be extremely serious unless they receiveproper medical attention. Drug therapy is often used to treat variousforms of arrhythmias, strict adherence o the dosage instructions givenby your doctor is most important. Article Tags: Heart Rate, Rhythm Disturbances, Pacemaker Cells, Atrial Fibrillation
Cardiac,Arrhythmias,Common,Cha