High,Blood,Pressure,Hypertensi health High Blood Pressure or Hypertension

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Common CharacteristicsBlood pressure is the force that is exerted by the blood against the vessel walls. It is measured byusing a simple instrument called a sphygmomanometer, which consists of an inflatable cuff that goesaround the upper arm and a column of mercury or a pressure dial. When the cuff is inflated, it tightensaround the arm and momentarily blocks the flow of blood through the main artery of the arm. As the cuffis slowly released, the person taking the blood pressure uses a stethoscope to listen to the returningblood flow. One sound signals the maximum force that occurs with the heartbeat. This is the systolic pressure, the higher of the two numbers in a blood pressure reading. The second or lower number, referred to as the diastolic pressure, reflects the lowest amount of pressure, which occurs between heartbeats.Everyone's blood pressure varies during the course of a day. As would be expected, it is usually lowerwhen resting or engaged in quiet activities, and it may spurt up during a sudden burst of activity, suchas running to catch a bus or exercising. Age also affects blood pressure; it is geerally lower in childrenand gradually rises as we grow older. Although there is some disagreement over how high is to high,the average normal blood pressure for healthy children is about 90/60, while the normal adult average rangesfrom 100/85 to 135/90. A diastolic pressure over 95 in an otherwise healthy adult is regarded as suspiciouslyhigh and a reading of 140/100 usually would be diagnosed as hypertension that should be treated. Many expertsfeel that any diastolic pressure that is consistently over 95 should be treated.Causes of HypertensionIt is estimated that more than 35 million Americans have hypertension. In the large majority of cases,the cause of the high pressure is unknown. Doctors refer to this most common form of the disease as primaryor essential hypertension. There are some unusual instances, however, in which the high blood pressure maybe caused by kidney disease, tumor or some other identifiable cause. This is known as secondary hypertension,and treating the underlying cause usually will cure the high blood pressure.While the cause of primary hypertension is unknown, a number of factors appear to increase the risk ofdeveloping it. These include a family history of high blood pressure or strokes at an early age, cigarettesmoking, obesity and excessive salt intake. Altering or avoiding these risk factors will not necessarilyprevent hypertension, but all are thought to play some role. Cutting salt intake, stopping smoking or losingweight may be sufficient to prevent borderline high blood pressure from developing into frank hypertension.This is particularly true for adolescents or young adults whose blood pressures may be in the higher end ofthe normal range.Treatment of HypertensionOver the last few years, dozens of highly effective antihypertensive drugs have been developed that have trulyrevolutionized the treatment of this disease. At one time, the only treatments available for high blood pressurewere surgery, which was not very effective, or an extreme restriction of salt intake, which in some cases meantliving on a diet of mostly fruit and rice. Now most cases of high blood pressure can be brought under controlwith drugs, which may be prescribed singly or in combination.There are three major categories of antihypertensive drugs:Diuretics, "water pills," which rid the body of excessive salt and reduce the volume of blood that must bepumped through narrow blood vessels, relieving some of the pressure on them.Beta blockers and other agents, which act on the nervous system to stem the outflow of impulses from the brainthat cause blood vessels to constrict or work elsewhere to block their effect.Vasodilators, which act directly on the muscles in the blood vessel walls, allowing them to relax and expand,or "dilate."In addition, anew class of drugs, known as reninaxis blockers, has recently become available that interfereswith the formation of a powerful vessel-constricting substance in the body and also with the action of thehormone aldosterone, which causes the body to retain salt and water.Since there are many antihypertensive drugs and combinations, an effective treatment that lowers blood pressurewith a minimum of unpleasant side effects almost always can be found. There, if you experience a side effectsuch as unusual tiredness, dizziness or faintness upon standing, depression or any other untoward symptom thatyou think may be related to your antihypertensive drugs, report it to your doctor. It may be only temporary, orit may be something that can be remedied by altering the regimen. In any case, remember that the treatment isusually for life. The drugs will keep the high blood pressure under control, but they do not cure the disease.If you stop taking the drugs, the blood pressure will return to its previous level or go even higher. Therefore,it is particularly important that you follow your doctor's instructions and that you return for periodic checks.Summing UpHigh blood pressure is the most common serious disease in the United States. Once diagnosed, however, most casescan be brought under control through the use of antihypertensive drugs, and where appropriate, through life-stylechanges such as stopping smoking or losing excess weight. Treatment is usually for life, but if high blood pressureis brought down to normal and kept there, the patient can expect to live a normal life with no major interferencewith day-to-day activities. Article Tags: High Blood Pressure, High Blood, Blood Pressure, Diastolic Pressure, Salt Intake, Antihypertensive Drugs, Under Control