Pleural,Mesothelioma,Facts,The health Pleural Mesothelioma Facts
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There are two main types;1] the localized mesothelioma{benign and malignant types}2] the diffuse malignant mesotheliomaCausesThere is a strong correlation between asbestos exposure and thedevelopment of mesothelioma, although a history of exposure is notalways obtainable in patients who have mesothelioma. There are 2 typesof asbestos fibres based on crystalline structure; a-serpentine{chrysolite} and b-amphibole. Included within the amphibole areamosite, tremolte, crocidolite and anthophyllite. The most harmful isthe crocidolite or better known as blue asbestos.Localised Benign MesotheliomaThese characteristically arise from the inner layer of the pleuraSymptoms and signs;-chest pain-shortness of breath -most of the times there are no symptoms {asymptomatic}, these tumors are usually discovered on routine chest x-ray-hypoglycaemia {low blood sugar} is sometimes associatedTreatmentSurgery is the main stay of treatment, the tumor is removed by thesurgeon and reccurence is rare and when it happens transition tomalignant form of tumor should be suspected.Localised Malignant MesotheliomaSymptoms and Signs;-chest pain-cough-fever-shortness of breathTreatmentSurgery is also the treatment of choice, although prognosis is very poorDiffuse Malignant MesotheliomaThis type of mesothelioma can arise form any part of the pleura andoften extend into the peritoneum as well as into the ribs and chestwall {peritoneal mesothelioma and pericardial mesothelioma}. It alsospreads commonly to the liver, brain and adrenal glands. Histologicallymalignant mesothelioma have both fibrous {sarcomatous mesothelioma} andepithelial {papillary} components.Investigations -CT scan of the chest is extremely useful in diagnosing the extent ofthe tumor. -Needle biopsy {the surgeon inserts a special needle into the pleura totake samples of the tumor which is taken to the laboratory to see underthe microscope} of the pleura is a must. -Pleural fluid is aspirated and taken to the lab for microsopicexamination. Staging of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma -Stage 1:Involvement of ipsilateral pleura and lungs {affecting justone lung either left or right lung} -Stage 2-Invlovment of chest wall, mediastinum {structure at themiddle of the heart}, pericardium or contralateral {opposite side}pleura -Stage 3-Distant blood spread into other organs eg brain, adrenalsTreatmentTreatment is discouragingly ineffective and survival rarely longer than2 years with an average of 10-14 months. In selected cases with stage 1a radical surgery-pleuropneumonectomy may be effective, but long termsurvival is rare. Primary radiation therapy may be used also.Combination chemotherapy using either single agent or combinationprotocols have also been used but the outcome remains dismal. Article Tags: Pleural Mesothelioma, Malignant Mesothelioma
Pleural,Mesothelioma,Facts,The