What,Affects,Metabolism,and,En education What Affects Metabolism and Energy Expenditure
Translation jobs are undertaken by professional translators who are well versed with at least two languages.Translation can work at two levels: inter-state or regional language translation and inter-national or foreign language translation. Some forms of parent involvement with the school such as communications with school, volunteering, attending school events and parent--parent connections appeared to have little effect on student achievement, especially in high school. Helpi
Components of Energy Expenditure 1. Basal Metabolism 2. Physical Activity 3. Thermic effect of food 1. Basal Metabolism -2/3 of energy expenditure -energy used to support basic processes of life -breathing, heart pumping, brain functions, kidneys, etc. -Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) - rate at which person spends energy at rest -Factors affecting BMR -lowest during sleep -lean muscle mass - weight of body minus fat - lean muscle, BMR -males have higher BMR than females -¯ w/ age, because of ¯ lean muscle mass - w/ height, because of surface area to radiate off heat (energy) -Growth --- growing child, pregnancy - fever - production of heat (energy) -speeds metabolism of immune system, fight infections - caffeine and nicotine - stress and disease - ¯ fasting and starvation 2. Physical Activity -Voluntary movement - skeletal muscle -most variable component of energy expenditure - influence on weight loss/gain -Amount of energy needed for activity depends on: -muscle mass - muscle used, energy used -body weight - body weight, energy used -need more energy to move larger body -activity - (duration, frequency, and intensity), energy used -an obese person may spend more overall energy doing a task, but generally will have a lower BMR than a person who weighs less and has a greater lean body mass 3. Thermic effect of food -energy required to process food - digestion, absorption, movement, etc. -10% of energy intake Estimating Energy RequirementsBasal metabolic rate estimating with age, gender, weight, and height What this does not take into account is body composition.1. Convert weight from pounds to kilograms * 2.2 lbs = 1 kg* weight in lbs / 2.2 lbs/kg = ______kg2. Convert height in inches to cm * 1 inch = 2.54cm * height in inches x 2.54 cm = _________ cm3. Plug into Harris-Benedict equationMale BMR = 66 + (13.7 x wt. in kg) + (5 x ht in cm) (6.8 x age in yrs)Female BMR = 655 + (9.6 x wt. in kg) + (1.8 x ht in cm) (4.7 x age in yrs)To estimate energy values for physical activity. *Multiply activity factor by BMR-Very light multiply by 1.3. -driving, typing, sewing, cooking-Light multiply by men (1.6) and females(1.5) -housecleaning, golf, carpentry -Heavy multiply by men (2.1) and females (1.9) -heavy exercise, running, weightliftingBody Mass Index (BMI) weight to height relationship -BMI = weight (lb) / height (inches)2 x 705BMI < 18.5 = underweightBMI 18.5 to 24.9 = normalBMI 25 to 29.9 = overweightBMI > 30 = obese
What,Affects,Metabolism,and,En