Chinook,Winds,False,Spring,Peo education Chinook Winds - A False Spring

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People who have spent some time in Montana tell eerie tales of thewarm winter winds. Have you ever experienced a chinook? If so, yousurely remember the sudden change in the weather. A dismal, gray, snowyday and suddenly everything doesn’t look quite so bleak. A bit ofsunshine breaks through the dark cloud cover and the day begins tobrighten. A frigid cold day warms.Chinook winds offer a welcomed respite from the long winter. InMontana, Chinook winds are a fairly common climatic phenomenon thatdelight and amaze both weather experts and residents alike. It beginswith the smallest whisper and grows as it whistles and dances down thevalley. A Chinook “wind is a blowing!”At the turn of the century, the Calgary Herald wrote, “Those whohave not the warm, invigorating Chinook winds of this country, cannotwell comprehend what a blessing they are. The icy clutch of winter islessened, the earth throws off its winding sheet of snow. Humanityventures forth to inhale the balmy springlike air. Animated naturerejoices". (1900–Calgary weekly Herald)A chinook wind, often just called “Chinook”, derives its name from aword in the language of the Chehalis Indian Tribe. In their languagechinook means “snow-eater”. Aptly named, a chinook wind can melt over afoot of snow in a single day and raise the temperature as much as 40degrees in less than an hour. The snow melt is caused partly by warmertemps and partly by the evaporation caused by the dry wind. Scientisttell us that adiabatic warming of downward moving air produces the warmchinook winds. Chinook winds are most remarkable in winter when thewarm winds contrast with the ambient cold air.Moist weather patterns that originate off the Pacific coast cool asthey climb the western slopes and rapidly warm as they drop down theeastern side of the mountain ranges. A chinook, or Fohn wind, beginswith a sudden change in wind direction, usually towards the west and arapid, dramatic increase in wind speed. I really don’t understand thisweather phenomena, but it feels wonderful.Loma, Montana holds the United States record for the greatestrecorded temperature change. On January 15, 1972 the temperature wentfrom a nippy -56F (-48C) to a balmy 49F (9C) in less than 24 hours. Ina much smaller time frame, on January11, 1980 the temperature at the Great Falls International Airport rosefrom -32F to 15F in seven minutes as warm, Chinook winds eroded anArctic airmass. This 47 degree rise in seven minutes stands as therecord for the most rapid temperature change registered in the UnitedStates.Chinook winds often produce hazardous fire conditions. The warm windsucks the moisture from the air and any fires that may breakout arevigorously fanned. The infamous Santa Ana winds are just another namefor a Chinook. Chinook winds are also called Cierzo or Mistral Winds.Repeated or prolonged chinooks can be quite damaging to theecosystem of the forest. The dehydration caused by the warmth of theChinook wind can be dramatic and trees lose their winter preparedness.The trees lose moisture through their needles and as the ground remainsfrozen, there is no fresh water to replace that lost throughdehydration. Often the needles will then turn brown and die. Thiscondition is referred to as Red Belt. It is not a disease but areflection of a severe lack of moisture within the needles. WhiteBirch, like many other trees, cannot survive rapid temperature changesand often die after a winter chinook. Often fruit trees and othervegetation will “awaken” and start to spout tender buds that will bedestroyed by the next frost. An early spring chinook may destroy aseason's crop.Most Chinook winds are accompanied by a wide band of flat cloudsthat hover at high altitudes. Native Americans call this the ChinookArch. Although these high clouds seem to hold the promise of rain, theyrarely bring a drop. Chinook winds actually deplete the forest andfields of needed moisture. Viewing the Chinook Arch is often abreathtaking experience for photographers and all those that appreciatethe artistic displays provided by Mother Nature. During a Chinook,sunrise and sunset are profoundly beautiful as the sky is painted vividshades of fuschia, orange and red.Soil not covered by snow is lost to wind erosion; floodingconditions often occur due to rapid snow melt in the high country andavalanche warnings abound.The early settlers called these deep winter warm spells “falsesprings” as the wild chinook wind will sometimes linger for severaldays and it is easy to deceive one's self that Spring is on its way.However, when the chinook wind recedes, winter is back with all itsfury.Chinook winds have profound psychological effects on many people.Historical accounts tell of many people going “mad” when the Chinookwinds blow.Many are joyful for the relief from sub-temperatures, theyare energized and in general just feel better. Others will sufferheadaches, depression and nervous disorders. They are restless, anxiousand agitated. How do you feel when the warm wind blows?