Cedar,Creek,Gold,Rush,The,Ceda education Cedar Creek Gold Rush

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The Cedar Creek Mining District is located in Mineral County,Montana on the east slope of the Bitterroot Mountains, southwest ofwhat is now the town of Superior. The district encompasses Cedar,Quartz and Trout Creeks and their tributaries, which originate near thecrest of the northwestward extension of the Bitterroot Range. Thecreeks flow northeastward to the Clark Fork River. Mineral County isbound by Missoula and Sanders counties and shares a border with theState of Idaho.Mineral CountyMineral County encompasses 1,223 square miles. Its land is 82%National Forest and is managed by the US Forest Service. 3% of the landis owned by the State of Montana and 15% is privately owned. Thecounty’s rich mining history lends its name.Most of the county topography is quite rugged with elevations ranging from 2500 to 8000 feet above sea level.There are 87 miles of river, 650 miles of streams and over 50 highmountain lakes to compliment the innumerable alpine meadows,magnificent waterfalls and jaw dropping vistas.The Mineral County area started being developed following theconstruction of the Mullan Trail in 1859. Prior to clearing and cuttingof the trail, extremely dense forests of giant cedars, ponderosa pine,hemlock, tamarack and fir made traveling through the area arduous andvery dangerous. Captain Mullan forbade any of his men to search forgold for fear a "gold rush" would disrupt the trail construction.On September 11, 1865 the first two claims were filed, on the St.Regis River. W. W. Johnson, who had worked as a surveyor on the MullanTrail, filed a gold claim, the "Missoula Gold and Silver Quartz Ledge,"and Peter Toft filed the "Beaver Gold and Silver Quartz Ledge". Sketchyhistorical records fail to indicate whether either claim was everactually worked.History Of The Cedar Creek Gold RushIn the fall of 1868, a French Canadian prospector, Louis Barrettehad run out of luck and dreams working the gold fields of NorthernIdaho. Despondent and broke, he set out for the French Canadianencampment of Frenchtown, Montana located along the Mullen Road.Barrette hoped that the kindness of his fellow countrymen would shelterhim through the harsh Montana winter.Traveling from Idaho to Montana, Barrette followed the St. Joe Riverto its headwaters in the Coeur d’ Alene Mountains. As he rode along thesummit trail he noticed a deep basin on the Montana side that, to hisgold prospector’s eye, looked promising. However winter was moving inand he needed to proceed to Frenchtown before snow fall in the highcountry prevented his passage.Barrette firmly resolved that he would put together supplies and return to prospect the area in the spring.On his journey to Frenchtown, Barrette met Adolph Lozeau, a fellowFrench Canadian who operated a ranch about five miles east of the mouthof Cedar Creek. Lozeau Forty Mile House had been a stop for wayfaringtravelers along the Mullen Road for two years. Lozeau would turn out tobe a pivotal character in the saga of the Cedar Creek Gold Rush.Fortune and circumstances delayed Barrette's return to the valley ofhis dreams. It was not until late fall of 1869 that Barrette was ableto assemble equipment and supplies and return to Cedar Creek. Barretteand his partner, Basil Lanthier, traversed the steep cedar-clad gulchon saddle horses accompanied by a string of pack horses loaded withsufficient provisions to last them for several weeks.Barrette and Lanthier's departure from Frenchtown was not awell-kept secret. Rumors and speculation on the success of theirexploration were common gossip. All ears waited to hear of a new goldstrike or another failure.Tired, yet jubilant, the partners arrived at Cedar Creek and thencontinued up stream about four miles until they found a grassy meadowlocated at the mouth of Cayuse Creek. Lathier went about setting uptheir base camp and Barrette headed for the creek.Lady Luck smiled! On October 9th, 1869, coarse nuggets werediscovered where the waters of Cayuse Creek joined Cedar Creek.Overcome with “Gold Fever” Barrette and Lanthier were not content withtheir first prospects and were determined to keep prospecting the gulchfor richer concentrates.Aware of the inevitable stampede once news of their discovery wasknown, they wished to find the best site in the area and stake it outbefore the swarming rush of gold seekers that would race to a strikehad an chance to file claims in the area. Finally, delighted with the near ten ounces of gold he gleaned fromtwo test holes, Barrette established his discovery claim on the“Louiseville Bar”, which is now within the boundaries of Cinker’s Mine.It was now late November. Winter gripped the mountains and Barretteand Lathier's supplies were running critically low. The two prospectorsreturned to Lozeau’s ranch to resupply. They showed Lozeau the gold andenlisted his help to travel to Frenchtown for provisions. Barrette andLathier knew that if they went back to the camp speculators wouldfollow them back to their discovery.News of a gold strike was a bigger secret than Adolph could keep.Loosened by liquor, "they found gold” slipped from Lozeau’s lips andthe rush was on! By daylight the next morning over a 100 prospectorswere frantically scrambling up and down the drainage.In early December, a miner’s meeting established the Barrette MiningDistrict and designated the town of Louisville on Barrette's discoveryclaim as the district headquarters. Bad feelings arose when the DeerLodge newspaper, the “New North-West” reported that the town ofLouisville was named after Lozeau’s wife, Louise and not after LouisBarrette. Adolph Lozeau had taken credit for the discovery when he infact had no part at all in the partners strike.As gold seekers from all across the territory raced to Cedar Creek,the Barrette Mining District moved to establish the rules for filingclaims. The length of a claim was limited to 200 feet, with width notto exceed 9 feet up the bank above the high water mark on each side ofthe creek. Each new arrival was allowed one claim only, with theexception of Barrette, who was allowed one additional claim to his No.1 discovery claim.Word of a gold strike travels the wind and spreads like wildfire.The strike on Cedar Creek was no exception. Gold seekers flocked to thefrenzy. A correspondent for the New North-West newspaper, writing fromMissoula, reported. “Missoula has been wild for a week”. “Hotelkeepers, merchants, clerks, idle men and loafers, are all gone. . . ".This intense migration into such a remote and restricted areapresented enormous challenges in the way of food and shelter shortages.Soon 60 mule pack trains poured into the canyon selling gumboots,tarps, bacon and beans. Housing was inadequate with the majority of thedwelling merely makeshift shanties made from brush, branches andcanvas. The area newspapers warned the stampeders to go “well clad,blanketed and pursed”.Foul weather, food shortages and hazardous conditions did not deterthose who suffered gold fever. Within the month the snow-packeddrainage was parceled into nearly 2,500 separate claims. Tempers ranhigh, violence was common place and claim jumping was rampant. Anestimated 3,000 men wintered that year in the gulch and it was visitedby three times that many more. That first winter it was men only asthere were no women on the creek in 1869.Saloonkeepers, blacksmiths and merchants were just as excited as theminers about Cedar Creek’s potential. The new residents of Louisville,Mugginsville, Cedar Junction and Lincoln City watched with glee asthese entrepreneurs ambitiously opened for business. Mining camps aroseand were abandoned quickly as the focus of placering shifted around thedistrict. The Helena Daily Herald reported on March 3, 1870 that,"Louisville had 680 houses; Cedar Junction 91. Wages are $4 - $5 aday". "Louisville ... prospecting is ... running as high as $1,250.00 apan".The population of the district rose upwards of 10,000 by someestimates. In 1870, Forest City, on Cedar Creek itself, reached apopulation of over 7,000 and was considered a commerce center for manytowns in the area including Missoula. As in any gold rush, whiskeyflowed, fortunes were made and lost and lives were forever changed.Early production from the Cedar Creek Rush has been estimated ashigh as $10 Million Dollars. The gold mined from Cedar Creek wasnotably fine; some gold that was 982 fine was recovered and it was notunusual for it to be as high as 960 to 970 fine. At the time of theCedar Creek Strike, gold was traded at $20.50 an ounce. When oneapplies today's price of gold at over $1,000.00 an ounce to thecalculation, the numbers are indeed impressive. Miners are notoriouslyclosed mouth, but a few have been known to brag, so it is impossible toknow the true value of the strike, however it was credible treasure andan awesome adventure.Cedar Creek also had its share of hardrock mining. The Amador coppermine was originally discovered in 1889 by cutting into a large ore body165 feet below the bed of Cedar Creek, but wasn't fully worked until1900. A townsite was laid out 11 miles below the mine, with a rail lineconnecting the two. Potential investors were brought out by train fromthe east and sold shares in the mine and lots in the townsite. A smallsmelter was built on Cedar Creek to process the ore. In 1919 therailroad tracks were removed in favor of hauling ore by truck. Much ofthe old rail bed is the foundation for the Cedar Creek Road as it istoday.There was placer mining activity along these creeks or theirtributaries almost every year up to World War II. From 1946 throughtoday, a handful of hardy miners continue their quest of the elusivegolden mineral.Welcome to Cedar Creek and may you find color in the bottom of your pan!