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What time is it? One of the commonest questions utteredaround the World but what exactly are we asking? You ask someone in China whatthe time is then you will certainly get a different answer if you ask anAmerican, obviously their time-zones are on the opposite side of the world. But what if you ask two people in the same room as you? Youmay get the same answer from them both but then again one persons watch may bea minute or two faster. When we ask the time then what we are really asking for is arough estimate for the time zone that we are in. Some watches are more accuratethan others but it is often enough for our day to day needs.But what if you need to know the exact time and what if youneed to know what that time is another country too. Perhaps you have bought anairline ticket; it would be disappointing to turn up at the airport only to betold that your ticket was sold to somebody else in as the clock at their travelagent was slower than the one where you bought your ticket.So how does global industry keep accurate time with oneanother? The answer is quite simple and it is called Coordinated Universal Timeor UTC.The International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) actsas the official time-keeper for the globe and started UTC in 1972 after thedevelopment of atomic clocks.The atomic clock was first developed in the late 50s whenit was discovered the atom caesium-133 resonates at an exact frequency of 9,192,631,770every second. This frequency was so exact that atomic clocks developed anaccuracy of one second in 1.4million years and The International System ofUnits defined the second as the frequency of the caesium-133 atom and aninternational unit for measuring time was born.However, atomic clocks are even more accurate than the Earthitself which is actually slowing in its rotation. This slowing is only smallbut if the standard system of time, UTC, didnt compensate for it, eventuallymidnight would fall in the middle of the day (although that would take amillennia or two) so leap seconds are added every few years to compensate.The only problem with UTC timepieces is that atomic clocks areenormous in both size and cost. In fact they are generally only to be found inlarge scale physics laboratories such as NPL (National Physics Laboratory, UK)or MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, US).Then how does the rest of the world keep track of UTC time?The time told on these vast atomic clocks is broadcast via radio broadcasts orthe GPS satellite system (Satellite Navigation is reliant on UTC as without ita satellite cant tell exactly where a receiver is). Most computer networks are sycnhronised to UTC time eitherover the Internet (which isnt secure and only recommended for home users) orthrough specialist GPS or radio time servers. These time servers make use ofNTP (Network Time Protocol) which has been developed over the last 25 years tokeep computer networks synchronized so they do not have to rely on theirinaccurate internal clocks.NTP servers and UTC have allowed industry to become trulyglobal and made possible technologies such as communication satellites, mobilephones, sat-nav and ATMs that we all take for granted.
UTC,Keeping,Global,Time,What,t