Common,Knowledge,about,Suspens car Common Knowledge about Suspension System (1)

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The suspension is one of the most importantparts of a car. All cars have some sort of suspension system, even golf carts.A suspension has three major jobs: to keep the car's frame from dragging on theground, to control body movement during cornering and to control wheel movementover imperfections in the road. Suspension design is a complicated science--verynearly art--in its subtlety, complexity and variation. Even on a fairly smoothroad, small bumps jolt the car as it travels. Without any sort of suspension,these bumps could force the wheels off the road, damage the car and jolt thedriver. Suspension keeps the wheels in contact with the road surface, and keepsthe car intact and the driver comfortable.A suspension system comprises five basiccomponents: the tires, wheel hubs (steering knuckles on the steer axle), thesprings (which bear the weight of the car), the control arm or arms (which linkthe wheel hubs, steering knuckle or axle to the chassis) and the dampers(a.k.a. shock absorbers, which slow the movement of the suspension and inhibitthe springs' natural tendency to oscillate).Tires and Springs• The first layer of the suspension system is the tires. A car's flexible,air-filled tires respond to dips and bumps in the road, bending to absorb someof the shock. The tires are attached to the wheels, which are attached tosprings. When a bump pushes on the wheels, it compresses the spring. This letsthe wheel move up and down with jolts, keeping the body of the car fromabsorbing the knocks directly.Shock Absorber• A problem with springs is that they don't dissipate energy. When a bump inthe road compresses a spring, it stores the energy. It then springs back,pushing back against the road with almost as much force as the road hadexerted. (Some of the force is dissipated as heat.) If the suspension consistedof nothing but springs and tires, the car would bounce up and downcontinuously, making for an uncomfortable and dangerous ride. Shock absorbersare the solution to this. There are many different kinds, but they all consistof a column or flexible container filled with a fluid. When a coil inside iscompressed, a piston pushes down on the shock absorber, compressing the fluid.This pushes the fluid out of the way, creating resistance. This resistanceturns the energy pushing down on the shock into heat, which leaks out into the air.Instead of storing the energy from every jolt in the spring, most of it isdissipated through the shock. The car doesn't bounce back violently--it onlyrebounds enough to stay in contact with the road.Suspension Categories• Suspensions fall into one of two basic categories: dependent and independent.A dependent suspension links the wheels on both sides of the car with some sortof solid or flexible axle, so suspension movement on one side of the cardirectly affects the other side. Independent suspensions utilize one of severaldifferent configurations to keep motion on one side of the car from affectingthe other side. Generally speaking, dependent suspensions are cheaper to buildand engineer, but independent suspensions offer better handling (especiallyover rough roads at high speed) and a more comfortable ride.Dependent Types• Dependent suspensions come in two basic flavors: the "live" axle(meaning that it has a differential for transferring power, as in mostrear-wheel-drive cars and trucks), the "dead" axle (which simplyserves to support the weight of an un-driven end of a car, as in the rear of afront-wheel-drive car). Dead axles come in a few different variations,including the twist-beam semi-independent axle. Twist beam axles utilize atube-within-a-tube design. The outer tube connects to the wheel hubs andsprings, and the inner tube keeps the outer tubes together. This allows thewheels on either side to act a little more independently than a solid dead axlewould allow.Lateral Arm Suspensions• Most steering systems use some sort of lateral-arm (meaning that the controlarm pokes out perpendicular to the frame rail, toward the wheels) independentsuspension. There are several different types of lateral-arm suspensions, butthe two most common are the double-A-arm and MacPhereson strut. Double-A-armsuspensions are so-called because they use a pair (upper and lower) of A-shapedcontrol arms to connect the chassis and wheel hub. MacPhereson strutsuspensions replace the upper control arm with a strut, which is a combinationcontrol arm, spring and shock absorber. Strut suspensions are lighter andcheaper to build, but generally don't handle as well as a proper double-A-arm.Trailing/Leading Arm Suspensions• Trailing/Leading-arm suspensions use a control arm connected to the chassis,either ahead of the axle (trailing-arm, used for many rear suspensions), orbehind the axle (leading-arm, used to control the front axle of manyfour-wheel-drive trucks). Trailing/leading-arm suspensions are the longitudinalequivalent of lateral-arm suspensions; a four- or five-link suspension uses anupper and lower control arm (like the double-A-arm), and a single-trailing-arm(a.k.a. "truck arm") suspension uses a single link to connect thechassis and axle (similar to the MacPhereson strut). Truck-arm suspensionsdon't offer the control of a four- or five-link, but are still suitable formany live-axle applications; Nascar stock-car builders prefer the truck-armsuspension for its light weight, durability and simplicity.Find out more about suspension arm manufacturer byvisit tahiko.com.