Automobile,Safety,Emergencies, car Automobile Safety - Emergencies

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When choosing a car, consider carefully the number of safetyfactors incorporated into the car's design. Safety regulations nowdemand that cars be designed in accordance with certain specifications,but above these minimum legal requirements there are wide variations indesign.If you already own a car, there are a number of items ofequipment that can improve its safety and for which you, as the owneror driver, are responsible. They are not just attractive accessories;they might actually save your life. The National Safety Councilcalculated that if safety belts were worn at all times by all cardrivers and passengers, at least 12,000 to 15,000 lives would be savedeach year.Of course, it is important not just to equip your car with theseaccessories but to use them every time you drive. You should wear yoursafety belt for every journey, no matter how short. Every time youtravel with young children, make sure that they are placed securely intheir child seats or harnesses in the center of the back seat. This notonly protects children in the event of an accident, but also preventsthem from distracting the driver. Child restraints are also required bylaw in all states of the United States. Make sure that the doors arelocked. If there is a dog or other animal in the car, it should travelbehind a grid in the back of the car.You should carry a first-aid kit, a fire extinguisher, and areflective warning device in your car. The warning device can be placedon the road and used as a warning sign in the event of an accident or abreakdown. Also carry a tool box, a tire gauge, and a jack designed foryour car.Your mirrors should be aligned to allow the best possible visionof the traffic behind you. A simple wide driving mirror is safer than aconvex mirror, which distorts distances and thereby makes judgment ofspeeds more difficult. You should have your car regularly serviced, andyou yourself should be able to check the condition of the tires, shockabsorbers, oil, brakes, windshield wipers, and lights. By caring forthe running condition of your car, you minimize the dangers of accidentor breakdown.EmergenciesA responsible driver is aware that at any time he or she may beexpected to deal with emergencies. The lives of passengers and othersmay depend on the driver's knowledge and skill, and the driver shouldtake all possible precautions to minimize the risks of accident orbreakdown.Planning AheadBefore starting any journey the driver should ensure that his orher car is in good condition. Check the engine oil level, the tirepressures (including the spare tire), the brakes, the headlights, thewater level in the cooling system, the battery, and the gasoline. Takea plastic bottle or can in which to carry an emergency supply of waterin case you run out. Check the car's equipment; make sure that the jackand the tool box are in the car and that all movable objects in thetrunk are secure.For longer journeys, work out your intended route carefullybefore setting out, and take maps with you. If possible, find out theweather forecasts for the areas through which you intend to travel.Tell a reliable person details of the route to be taken and yourestimated time of arrival.Check the supplies in your first-aid box, which should becarried in the car at all times. For long journeys, you should alsotake emergency supplies of energy-giving food. Chocolate, nuts,raisins, and glucose or dextrose tablets are especially nourishing.Also take some means of warmth, light, and shelter. Ifwaterproof sleeping bags are not available, take plenty of woolenblankets for every person. For warmth, take a small solid-fuel burner.Candles and matches can also be useful, and a flashlight and flaresshould be carried in the car.If your car breaks down in a remote area, you may need toattract rescuers by using some kind of signaling device. This can bedone by using, for example, flashing lights, fires, a whistle, or thecar's horn. The letters SOS are an internationally recognized distresssignal. In the international Morse code these letters are representedby three dots, three dashes, and three dots (... --- ...). This patterncan be formed by flashes of light, blasts on a whistle or the car'shorn, or sticks or strips of light-colored clothing placed on theground. Another international distress symbol is a triangular patternof three fires.Careful planning of a journey can minimize fatigue, whichreduces a driver's concentration and judgment and so increases thechances of an accident. There should be no long, uninterrupted periodsof driving, and it is often sensible to share the driving with a personwith whom you are traveling. Plan your journey to avoid rush hours inbig cities, and stop the car at least once every two hours for physicalexercise or light refreshment.In Case of AccidentIf you are involved in a road accident or arrive at the scene ofone, you must act promptly and efficiently to help any injured personsand to protect them from further danger. The following actions shouldbe carried out:(1) To prevent a gasoline explosion or any other form of fire,instruct all drivers present to switch off the ignition in their cars.Spread earth or sand on any gasoline that may have spilled on the road.Allow nobody to smoke. If a fire does start, use an extinguisher, ablanket, or a coat to put it out.(2) To prevent further collisions, warn oncoming traffic bydisplaying warning signs at least 50 yards (or meters) from theaccident (at least 150 yards at night). Use reflective triangles, ifthese are available, or ask another person to give the warning and wavethe traffic past. If your car is fitted with hazard warning lights,switch them on.(3) Make sure that an ambulance and the police are summonedimmediately. Use the emergency telephone number and give the exactlocation of the accident and the number of persons injured.(4) Examine all injured persons and look for any who may havebeen thrown clear of the accident. Do not move the victims unless theyare in immediate danger. Undo safety belts and cautiously remove anysafety helmets. If a victim's heart has stopped, give immediate cardiaccompression. Then give first aid to all injured parties in order ofpriority. If an injury is bleeding, apply firm but gentle pressure tothe wound with some clean material and fasten a pad over it with abandage or strip of cloth. If a limb is not broken, it may be raised tolessen bleeding. Do not wipe blood from eyes in case broken glassshards are present.(5) Stay with the victims until an ambulance and the policearrive. Reassure them about their condition and keep them warm. Do notgive them anything to drink or eat.If the accident involves a vehicle containing flammable ordangerous chemicals or other goods, make sure that the fire departmentand police are informed immediately.Make sure that others present are aware of the danger and keep them away from the vehicle. Article Tags: Make Sure