The,Many,Processes,Behind,Pyro business, insurance The Many Processes Behind Pyrometallurgy
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Extractivemetallurgy includes a branch known as pyrometallurgy, which enables the recoveryof many valuable metals through the use of thermal treatments. These thermal treatmentsspur chemical and/or physical transformation and are responsible for many of the alloys, compounds and pure metals wesee and use today. The Processes of PyrometallurgyInorder to achieve a pure metal, alloy or intermediate compound, a mineral must typicallyfirstpass through one or more of the processes associated with pyrometallurgy.These processesinclude drying, roasting, calcining, smelting and refining.Each process requires some form ofenergy input in order for the processto successfully occur and complete. The Calcining ProcessCalciningis a process that causes a material to decompose through the use of heat. Thisprocess is carried out through the use of fluidized bed reactors, shaft furnacesand rotary kilns. In this process, hydrates decompose, as do many carbonates,oxides and dioxides. The Drying ProcessThedrying process removes moisture from materials using thermal methods. The most frequentlyused aspect of drying is combustion gases. These gases are hot and are typicallygenerated when fossil fuels are burned. However, other methods to achieve thedrying process are hot air and indirectly heated inert gas. In most cases, the temperaturewill be set at 120 degrees Celsius or higher, depending upon the temperaturerequired to initiate vaporization of the moisture. Thedrying process is achieved through the use of flash dryers, rotary dryers andfluidized bed dryers. However, spray drying can also be involved in thisprocess. This occurs through the use of an aqueous solution, which completelydissolves a material, and then the material is placed in an evaporation chamberwhere the solids will crystallize. The Roasting ProcessGas-solidreactions that occur thermally are involved in the roasting process. The reactionsmayinclude reduction, sulfation, pyrohydrolysis, chlorination andoxidation. Metal sulfides are one ofthe most frequently oxidized oresthat the roasting process is used for. In roasting, the solidproduct isknown as the calcine. Deadroasting occurs when gas and temperature conditions cause complete oxidation.Partialroasting occurs when the oxygen used is not sufficient for thefeed to fully oxidize. Sulfationroasting occurs when gas andtemperature conditions cause sulfides to react and produce metalsulfatesversus metal oxides. The Smelting ProcessWhenthermal reactions include at least one molten phase product, the process is consideredsmelting. This is frequently used for metal oxides, which can be heatedwith charcoal or coke toresult in a more refined mineral. Other ores,such as carbonates can also be smelted usingcharcoal as a reductionagent; however, other materials might be required to aid in the process. Smeltingtypically occurs at temperatures above the metals melting point, which canvarygreatly depending upon the ore. The Refining ProcessRemovingimpurities thermally from materials is known as refining. A wide variety of differenttypes of processes can be involved within the refining process, as well as severaldifferent typesof furnaces. The electrolytic process can also beinvolved in refining. Tofind out more about superalloys and general mining topics, please visit PublicMining.org,a free resource directory showcasing public mining companies like Crescent Resources, Cream Minerals and thousands more.
The,Many,Processes,Behind,Pyro