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The specialist skills required to manufacture promotional pens andpromotional products in general has developed very slowly in the Westsince the early twentieth century. How then have the Chinese managed tomaster these skills and acquire the knowledge in a relatively shortperiod of time? The following is an overview on how this has happened.1.Copying: In the early days, Chinese manufacturers concentrated oncopying existing promotional pens and other promotional gifts producedin the west, particularly from Germany and Italy. Therefore, as thedesigns were well thought out by experts it was not difficult to makecopies, albeit very poor ones in the early days. Although there was notgreat acceptance of these poor copies in the west, there was arelatively high take up in their own domestic market where quality wasless of an issue. This allowed manufacturers to start on the penmanufacturing learning curve and over a decade this experiencegradually grew.2. Tooling: The most difficult thing to masterwhen making plastic promotional pens is the design and manufacture ofthe injection mould tools. Typically, tools manufactured in the westwould have 16, 25 or 36 cavities, each one being identical to the next.This requires considerable skill and the exploitation of the latesttechnology. The Chinese initially concentrated on low quality toolingfor the domestic market but it became apparent that if they were toattract foreign business a higher level of moulding would be required.In many cases Chinese manufacturers had the tooling made in Europe andthis enabled them to study the design, construction, materials andmaintenance of the tools. With the help of high technology industrialtool manufacturers they were able after a few years to make reasonablyhigh quality tooling having been taught the latest machiningtechniques. In recent years many European promotional pen manufacturershave either set up sub-contract manufacturing or have actually openedup their own manufacturing plants to produce promotional pens andprinted pens in China. Although every effort is made to guard tradesecrets it was always inevitable that key information relating to tooldesign and manufacturing techniques would leak out. Consequently, thedesign and manufacturing standard of Chinese injection moulding toolsis now almost as good as western tooling.3. Polymer: Theplastics used in the production of promotional pens and business giftsare referred to as polymer. Traditionally, Chinese pens of the pastwere moulded from styrene, a low quality, 'home-grown' polymer. Thisplastic is acceptable in China, but not really suitable for thepromotions industry of the western world. The material is brittle,translucent and light and the printed pens that came to the west fromChina were of inferior quality. The most acceptable polymer for themoulding of promotional pens is ABS and the Chinese manufacturersquickly adopted this material, using Chinese factories as their source.However, the standard of the material, although it has improved inrecent years, is still some way short of European quality.Consequently, Chinese manufacturers import their ABS when high qualitypromotional items are required. Therefore, the materials are no longera problem to far eastern manufacturers.4. Refills: Chineserefills for the domestic market were generally very low quality, usingpoor quality ink and basic equipment to manufacture the refill tip.Consequently, the quality of writing was very low and not very smooth.Initially, refills were imported from Europe but in recent years Chinahas improved its refill manufacturing knowledge substantially, mainlythrough the help of refill machinery manufacturers in Europe andAmerica. Most ballpoint refills used in Chinese writing instruments nowcome from China. However, high quality ink, usually referred to as'documental ink', is still mainly imported from Europe.Thereare several other minor reasons how China managed to produce qualitypromotional pens but the main reasons are listed above. Although theemergence of China as a major producer of printed promotional pens hasmeant job losses and company closures in the western world, thebenefits to the consumer in terms of value for money should be takeninto consideration. Article Tags: Promotional Pens, Printed Pens, Manufacturing Techniques, Chinese Manufacturers, Domestic Market, High Quality, Recent Years