Types,Switched,Capacitor,Volta business, insurance Types of Switched Capacitor Voltage Converters
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Types of Switched Capacitor Voltage ConvertersInthe above circuit capacitor C1 is charged to the input voltage duringfirst half of switching cycle. In the second half of switching cycleits voltage is inverted and applied to capacitor C2 and load. Theoutput voltage is negative of the input voltage. The Duty cycle defined as ratio of charging time of capacitor C1 to the entireswitching cycle time is usually 50% because that generally yieldsthe optimal charge transfer efficiency.Duringthe time period of transient conditions start-up and steady statecondition the capacitor C1 has to supply only a small amount ofcharge to the output capacitor on each switching cycle. The amount of charge transferred depends upon the load current and the switchingfrequency. Capacitor C1 is also known as charge pump capacitor. Duringthe time the charge pump capacitor is being charged by the inputvoltage, the output capacitor C2 must supply the load current. Theload current flowing out of C2 causes a droop in the output voltagewhich corresponds to a component of output voltage ripple. Higherswitching frequency allow smaller capacitors for the same amount ofdroop. Thus the switching frequency impacts the size of the externalcapacitor required. Higher switching frequency allows the use ofsmaller capacitor. The Switching frequencies are generally limited tofew hundred Khz.Switchedcapacitor inverters are low cost, compact and efficiency achieved aregreater than 90%. Typical switched capacitor inverters have maximumoutput current of 150mA maximum.TheVoltage inverters are used in applications where relatively lowcurrent negative voltage is required in addition to the primarypositive voltage. This may occur in single power supply system whereonly a few high performance parts require the negative voltage.VoltageDoublerVoltageDoubler works similarly to the Inverter, however, the pump capacitoris placed in series with the input voltage during its dischargecycle, thereby, accomplishing the voltage doubling function. Involtage doubler, average input current is approximately twice theaverage output current.Voltagedoublers are used in low current applications where a voltage greaterthan the primary supply voltage is required.RegulatedOutput Switched Capacitor Voltage ConvertersAddingregulation to the switched capacitor voltage converters increases itsusefulness in many applications. The most straightforward is tofollow the switched capacitor converter with a low dropout linearregulator (LDO). The LDO provides the regulated output and alsoreduces the ripple of the switched capacitor converter. This approachhowever, adds the complexity and reduces the available output voltageby the dropout voltage of the LDO.Anotherapproach to regulation is to vary the duty cycle of the switchcontrol signal with the output of an error amplifier which comparesthe output voltage with a reference. However, this approach is highlynon linear and requires long time constants in order to maintain goodregulation control. Engineering Services
Types,Switched,Capacitor,Volta